Grandparent
testing is
designed to provide definitive answers
when trying to establish a biological relationship
between an individual and the alleged grand-parents.
This
test is usually
used as an
indirect way of establishing Paternity
or Maternity. However, unlike the Sibling
analysis, it will indicate the identity
of the biological parent i.e. If a test
establishes a biological relationship
between a child and the alleged grand
parents, then the child’s biological
parent has
to be one of the Grandparents children.
However, if for example there are two
alleged fathers that are brothers, this
test will not be able to distinguish between
them. Only a Paternity DNA test will do
that.
Available as a Peace of Mind
OR Court
Paternity DNA Test
Results available within
7-9 days of
samples reaching
our laboratories.This is due to the
additional
statistical analysis needed in these cases.
Express Services Available - click here
There are two
different types
of Grandparent testing:
Single Grandparent
DNA Analysis
This test is ordered when the analysis
involves ONE
alleged biological
Grandparent.
- The
cost of
the test includes
ONE Grandparent
and one
grandchild.
- It is highly recommended
that a
known parent of the
child
provides a DNA sample
as this
will greatly improve
overall
accuracy and the chance
of a conclusive
result.
- The parent in a Single Grand
parentage
analysis will be processed
for FREE.
- Additional
children
and their known
parents
(if different)
will each
be charged at the additional
person
rate.
Conclusive
Range: This
test can indicate > 90%
probabilty
(for inclusions)
or 15% probability
(for exclusions)
of a grand-
parentage relationship.
Duo Grand-parentage
DNA Analysis
This
test is ordered
when the analysis
involves BOTH
alleged biological
Grandparent.
- The
cost of
the test includes
BOTH Grandparents
and one
grandchild.
- It
is highly
recommended that a known
parent
of the child provides
a DNA
sample as this will greatly improve
overall
accuracy and the chance
of a conclusive
result.
- The
parent
in a Duo Grand-parentage
test will
be charged at
the additional
person
rate. They are NOT
included
for FREE.
- Additional
children
and their known
parents
(if different)
should
each be charged
at the
additional person rate.
Conclusive
Range: This
test can indicate > 99%
probabilty
(for inclusions)
or 0% probability
(for exclusions)
of a grand-
parentage relationship.
How does Grand-
parentage analysis
work?
During
a Grand- parentage
DNA test, the
DNA profile
of each alleged
Grandparent
is obtained
and compared
to the DNA
profile of
the child in
question.
For
a person to
be a biological
grand parent,
it means that
their own biological child is the biological
parent to the grandchild in question.
As the Grandparents
DNA is used
to form their biological child’s
DNA, who in
turn has passed
on half of
this DNA to
the grandchild
in question,
then half of
the grandchild’s
DNA should
match exactly
to the DNA
of the Grandparents.
If the DNA
mismatches
then it indicates
they are not
the biological
Grandparents.
Results and
Example Statement/Conclusion
The conclusive
ranges of these
tests are given
above. As with
the Sibling
tests, the
more participants
(e.g. Duo grand
- parentage
analysis with
samples from
known parent),
the more chance of a highly
conclusive
result.
RESULT STATEMENT
Blank
is excluded
as the biological
grandfather
of the tested child. Based
on the results
obtained from DNA analysis,
the probability
of grand-parentage is 1%. A DNA profile
has been performed on each of the samples
provided by the above named
individuals.
Each test analyses
sections of DNA (known
as alleles)
that differ in size between
individuals.
Related individuals share alleles of the
same size. This result excludes Blank as
the biological grandfather of Blank.
Why
does having
DNA from a known parent increase accuracy?
By obtaining the DNA profile
of a known
biological
parent, the
scientist is able to eliminate
from the child’s
sample those
alleles that
were inherited
from that parent.
E.g. Case – An
individual
(child) would
like a Duo
Grandparent
test to establish
their ‘paternal’ biological
Grandparents
(the biological
fathers parents)
My obtaining
the DNA profile
of the child’s
biological
mother, the
scientist can
eliminate from
the calculations
alleles (parts
of the DNA)
that were inherited
from their
mother (the
maternal alleles).
This leaves
the scientist
with only the
paternal alleles
(those donated
by the biological
father). The
scientist can
then test accurately
whether these
alleles appear
at the same
genetic locations in the alleged Grandparents
DNA (from which the biological father’s
DNA was formed).
The Risks!!
When known
parents are
included in
these tests,
it can be virtually
guaranteed
that results
obtained will
be within the
ranges shown
above. However,
there is a
VERY small
chance that
the test will
yield an INCONCLUSIVE
result. The
chance of this
is at its optimum
(1-2%) in a
Single Grandparent
study, when
NO known biological
parents have provided DNA samples.
Clients
should be fully
aware of the
limitations of the test before proceeding.
The MOST effective form of
Grand-parentage
DNA test!
Duo grand-parentage study with
a sample of
a known parent for the child
involved.
When
both alleged
Grandparents
are included the DNA results
are guaranteed
to indicate either >99%
(inclusion)
or 0% (exclusion)
probability
of Grand-parentage
relationship.
The LEAST effective
form of Grand-parentage
DNA test!
Single
Grand-parentage
study, with
NO sample from
a known parent.
This can still
provide results
within the
probability
range of >99%
(inclusion)
and <1% (exclusion). However,
there is a
1-2% chance
of an inconclusive
result and
the probability
reading could
be less conclusive.
The extended
study should
be recommended
(see below
for details)
or at least
the Client
should be made
aware that
there is a
chance that
it may be needed.
What happens
if an inconclusive
result is given?
If the unlikely event that
an inconclusive
result is given,
the Client has the opportunity to participate
in an extended study. click here for more
details. Clients can choose to undertake
an extended study straight away if they
would like to decrease the chance of an
inconclusive result and therefore delay.
When should Grand-parentage studies be
used?
Usually,
a Grand-parentage
test is only carried out as a last resort
because the alleged mother and/or
father are
either deceased or unavailable
for testing.
Any available
parents should
be encouraged to participate
in the test.
This test is usually used
as an indirect
way of establishing
Paternity or
Maternity
Please click here to
contact us and speak with a qualified scientist
for advise or contact your local
DNA Clinic to make an appointment.
"How
does a DNA
test work?" click here |
